I bought a zapcane to protect from mean dogs in the neighborhood. Just the snap, crackle & pop has been sufficient to keep them at bay. I bought one zapcane that quit working & it was quickly replaced. Apparently I had recharged too long, since the instructions at the time were unclear. I have now bought another zapcane at another location for the same reasons(can't take zapcanes on a plane). Carrying the cane gives me a great feeling of more safety in potentially dangerous situations. I am very satisfied with the product. Thanks for a great product.